{"id":7186,"date":"2025-11-21T04:04:28","date_gmt":"2025-11-21T04:04:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/sgs\/?p=7186"},"modified":"2025-11-21T04:05:53","modified_gmt":"2025-11-21T04:05:53","slug":"historicizing-social-cultural-practices-influencing-widows-lived-experiences-among-the-bukusu-of-bungoma-county-kenya-since-1800","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/sgs\/historicizing-social-cultural-practices-influencing-widows-lived-experiences-among-the-bukusu-of-bungoma-county-kenya-since-1800\/","title":{"rendered":"Historicizing Social-Cultural Practices Influencing Widows\u2019 Lived Experiences Among the Bukusu of Bungoma County, Kenya Since 1800"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"7186\" class=\"elementor elementor-7186\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3e54574e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3e54574e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-42f54a62\" data-id=\"42f54a62\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1f45b222 elementor-section-content-bottom elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1f45b222\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-26052c\" data-id=\"26052c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-788975f9\" data-id=\"788975f9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7ed5c59b elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-stretch elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7ed5c59b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-70f38cb7\" data-id=\"70f38cb7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-51c543e elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"51c543e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-70d36f99\" data-id=\"70d36f99\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4178a179 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4178a179\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Student\u2019s Name: <br>\nWafula Agnes Kwatera<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-22debd6e\" data-id=\"22debd6e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b05ba27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7b05ba27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Supervisors:<br>\n1.\tDr. Precious Joan Wapukha<br>\n2.\tDr. Muleka Maureen\n\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6c0ae440\" data-id=\"6c0ae440\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53133b5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"53133b5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Master of Arts in History<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-26bd0ca7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"26bd0ca7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7fbac3fe\" data-id=\"7fbac3fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66e563ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"66e563ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f390551\" data-id=\"4f390551\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-61a64bf5 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"61a64bf5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-78739d7a\" data-id=\"78739d7a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-487e20f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"487e20f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ABSTRACT<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-185ae665 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"185ae665\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>According to the United Nations Statistics (2020), over 258 million women are widowed globally, with a high prevalence among elderly populations. More specifically, among the Bukusu, widowhood is prevalent and is marked with a sequence of meaningful traditional rites and rituals in mourning the dead spouse and reaffirming family and communal bonds. This research aims to historicize the social and cultural practices and their impact on the widows&#8217; experiences among the Bukusu community in Bungoma County. The specific objectives of the study are; to trace the traditional practices and their effect on widows among the Bukusu in Bungoma County 1800-1894<strong>, <\/strong>explore colonial policies and their influence on the lives of widows among Bukusu of Bungoma County 1895-1963<strong>,<\/strong> to evaluate the effectiveness of post-colonial initiatives in addressing the rights of widows among Bukusu of Bungoma County since 1964<strong>. The study is grounded in <\/strong>Symbolic Interactionism and Feminist theory. The study employed a historical research design that critically analyzed the evolution of widowhood practices and the socio-cultural values that have shaped the Bukusu widows&#8217; experiences over time. The target population for this study included widows in Bungoma County, alongside key informants such as local chiefs, women&#8217;s groups, clergy, and community leaders. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, focus groups discussions, and archival data. Respondents were identified through purposive and snowball sampling. Data was analyzed qualitatively to help identify patterns and themes in the experiences of widows. The study found that among the Bukusu community between 1800 and 1894, widow inheritance, commonly referred to as levirate marriage, was a deeply entrenched cultural practice designed to maintain social cohesion, family lineage, and property continuity within the clan. The study also found that colonial land registration systems across Africa disrupted indigenous land tenure arrangements, institutionalizing gender inequality in ways that continue to shape access to land and inheritance. In addition, the study found that post-independence governments often reproduced colonial institutions rather than dismantling them. Customary law, when dominant, could override widows&#8217; rights, especially in the absence of male children or formal documentation (like a will or title deed). The study concluded that the trajectory of widowhood among the Bukusu of Bungoma County reveals a layered history of shifting cultural, legal, and moral frameworks that have profoundly shaped the lived experiences of widows from the 1800s to the present. This study recommends that there is a need for sustained, grassroots civic education campaigns delivered in local languages that inform communities, especially widows and elders, about women\u2019s legal entitlements regarding property, inheritance, and protection against eviction.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5f20f601 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5f20f601\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-39f5e2bd\" data-id=\"39f5e2bd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Student\u2019s Name: Wafula Agnes Kwatera Supervisors: 1. Dr. Precious Joan Wapukha 2. Dr. Muleka Maureen Master of Arts in History ABSTRACT According to the United Nations Statistics (2020), over 258 million women are widowed globally, with a high prevalence among elderly populations. More specifically, among the Bukusu, widowhood is prevalent and is marked with a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7186","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-theses"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Historicizing Social-Cultural Practices Influencing Widows\u2019 Lived Experiences Among the Bukusu of Bungoma County, Kenya Since 1800 - School of Graduate Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/sgs\/historicizing-social-cultural-practices-influencing-widows-lived-experiences-among-the-bukusu-of-bungoma-county-kenya-since-1800\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Historicizing Social-Cultural Practices Influencing Widows\u2019 Lived Experiences Among the Bukusu of Bungoma County, Kenya Since 1800 - School of Graduate Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Student\u2019s Name: Wafula Agnes Kwatera Supervisors: 1. 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Dr. Precious Joan Wapukha 2. Dr. Muleka Maureen Master of Arts in History ABSTRACT According to the United Nations Statistics (2020), over 258 million women are widowed globally, with a high prevalence among elderly populations. 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