{"id":6382,"date":"2025-10-21T04:24:19","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T04:24:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sgs.kibu.ac.ke\/?p=6382"},"modified":"2025-11-20T12:55:44","modified_gmt":"2025-11-20T12:55:44","slug":"a-history-of-protracted-conflict-and-food-security-in-mount-elgon-area-1800-2008","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/sgs\/a-history-of-protracted-conflict-and-food-security-in-mount-elgon-area-1800-2008\/","title":{"rendered":"A History of Protracted Conflict and Food Security in Mount Elgon Area, 1800-2008"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"6382\" class=\"elementor elementor-6382\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-57421d1b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"57421d1b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-695a4545\" data-id=\"695a4545\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-72331be8 elementor-section-content-bottom elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"72331be8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1e7b40ae\" data-id=\"1e7b40ae\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-373b98ee\" data-id=\"373b98ee\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-176cbfb8 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-stretch elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"176cbfb8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-655f7523\" data-id=\"655f7523\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ced7709 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ced7709\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-73c4fe56\" data-id=\"73c4fe56\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41638312 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"41638312\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Student\u2019s Name: <br>\nLubisia Edwin Wanyonyi<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3fbaed4f\" data-id=\"3fbaed4f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f6f9759 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5f6f9759\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Supervisors:<br>\n1. Pontian Godfrey Okoth<br>\n2. Peter Kirui<br>\n3. Paul Obino\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-29a06636\" data-id=\"29a06636\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a48309 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3a48309\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Master of Arts in History<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4f7cf7ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4f7cf7ef\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-53f957c8\" data-id=\"53f957c8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1034d98c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1034d98c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-306da09e\" data-id=\"306da09e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-531b0fe2 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"531b0fe2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-63ce0689\" data-id=\"63ce0689\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fcf4f59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3fcf4f59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ABSTRACT<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ae4fa1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ae4fa1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Globally, conflicts have adverse effects on food security. They are the major drivers of food insecurity. The nexus between conflicts and food security has posed a great concern to human existence. In Mount Elgon area, numerous conflicts have been recorded. Mount Elgon conflict takes two forms i.e. inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic. The current study sought to investigate the history of protracted conflict and food security in Mount Elgon area, 1800-2008. The area has been embroiled inland conflicts since colonial times but the dawn of multiparty politics heightened the conflicts resulting into mass destruction of food security. As is common in any conflict, its effects are felt long after the last bullet is fired. The specific objectives of this study were to trace trends of demographic settlement, conflict, and food security Mount Elgon area from 1800- 1895,\u00a0\u00a0 explore factors behind protracted\u00a0 conflict in Mount Elgon area during the colonial period, examine the effects of of protracted conflict on food security in Mount Elgon area during the post-colonial period, and to evaluate the mitigation and intervention measures put in place to resolve protracted conflict and food insecurity in Mount Elgon area during the post-colonial period. Literature review focused on studies that relate directly or indirectly to the variables under study as supported by a theoretical framework. The study adopted theoretical work of Edward Azar\u2019s (1990) Protracted Social Conflict (PSC) and Thomas Robert Malthus\u2019s (1798) Neo- Malthusian Theory. The study population comprised 180 respondents drawn from Bukusu and Sabaot communities i.e. NGAOs , politicians, police officers, women group, youths, community\u00a0 elders,\u00a0 Civil\u00a0 society\u00a0 members,\u00a0 members\u00a0 of\u00a0 churches,\u00a0 and\u00a0 community members. This being a historical study historical research design was employed to suit the study with qualitative methods being used to facilitate the process of data collection and analysis. Primary data was collected using interview schedules, Questionnaires, and Focus Group Discussions. Archival data was collected from Kenya National Archives whereas secondary data was sought from official reports, published, and unpublished thesis, books and journal articles. Qualitative data was analyzed based on themes and presented through narratives and verbatim quotations. Key findings indicated that colonial policies and post- independence political dynamics exacerbated ethnic tensions and competition over land resources.\u00a0 Factors behind conflict included historical marginalization and uneven development, cattle rustling and the militarization of inter-ethnic relations, and disruption of traditional conflict resolution mechanisms among others.\u00a0 The protracted conflicts severely\u00a0\u00a0 disrupted\u00a0\u00a0 agricultural\u00a0\u00a0 activities, leading\u00a0\u00a0 to\u00a0\u00a0 displacement, reduced\u00a0\u00a0 food production, and increased food insecurity. While various mitigation efforts were attempted, sustainable resolution remained elusive due to the complex historical and socio-political roots of the conflicts.\u00a0\u00a0 This research contributed to the historiography of inter-ethnic conflicts and food security challenges in Kenya. The findings have implications for conflict resolution approaches and food security policies in the Mount Elgon region and similar conflict-prone areas. The study concluded that conflicts have adverse effects on food security, escalating poverty, hunger and malnutrition, which affect Mount Elgon area and the poor\u00a0\u00a0 and\u00a0\u00a0 communities\u00a0\u00a0 disproportionately.\u00a0\u00a0 The\u00a0\u00a0 study recommended that the government should strengthen the indigenous justice systems, especially the council of elders, who played positive roles in conflict resolution. It should also establish better decentralized policies of sharing local resources equitably.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1de7f39 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1de7f39\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-22dcb20\" data-id=\"22dcb20\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Student\u2019s Name: Lubisia Edwin Wanyonyi Supervisors: 1. Pontian Godfrey Okoth 2. Peter Kirui 3. Paul Obino Master of Arts in History ABSTRACT Globally, conflicts have adverse effects on food security. They are the major drivers of food insecurity. The nexus between conflicts and food security has posed a great concern to human existence. In Mount [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6382","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-theses"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A History of Protracted Conflict and Food Security in Mount Elgon Area, 1800-2008 - School of Graduate Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/sgs\/a-history-of-protracted-conflict-and-food-security-in-mount-elgon-area-1800-2008\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A History of Protracted Conflict and Food Security in Mount Elgon Area, 1800-2008 - School of Graduate Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Student\u2019s Name: Lubisia Edwin Wanyonyi Supervisors: 1. 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Pontian Godfrey Okoth 2. Peter Kirui 3. Paul Obino Master of Arts in History ABSTRACT Globally, conflicts have adverse effects on food security. They are the major drivers of food insecurity. The nexus between conflicts and food security has posed a great concern to human existence. 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