{"id":8447,"date":"2025-04-16T07:23:07","date_gmt":"2025-04-16T07:23:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scai.kibu.ac.ke\/?p=8447"},"modified":"2025-12-23T12:24:54","modified_gmt":"2025-12-23T12:24:54","slug":"security-and-usability-enhancing-e-service-marginalization-for-digital-vulnerable-groups","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/scai\/security-and-usability-enhancing-e-service-marginalization-for-digital-vulnerable-groups\/","title":{"rendered":"Security and Usability Enhancing E-Service Marginalization for Digital Vulnerable Groups"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"8447\" class=\"elementor elementor-8447\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-149400d1 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-stretch elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"149400d1\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"ourgoal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-514aefcf\" data-id=\"514aefcf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5745ac4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5745ac4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Security and Usability Enhancing E-Service Marginalization for Digital Vulnerable Groups<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b65ab38 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"b65ab38\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-19900030\" data-id=\"19900030\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7f56ccca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7f56ccca\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-709783e elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"709783e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-698019dd elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"698019dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2015<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-732ab126 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"732ab126\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fa8cc4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5fa8cc4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">KIBU Authors<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1586c07d elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1586c07d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Franklin Wabwoba<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-475cb4e9 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"475cb4e9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-badd17f elementor-tablet-align-left elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"badd17f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-shrink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/286383812_Security_and_Usability_Enhancing_E-Service_Marginalization_for_Digital_Vulnerable_Groups\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">VIEW ON PUBLISHER SITE<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-50da215b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"50da215b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-38d4c6b6 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"38d4c6b6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6657559f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6657559f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abstract<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ae5f040 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ae5f040\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the new information society, services are delivered electronically making it cost effective, efficient and convenient for both the government and private firms making ICT a major facilitator of social economic development. However, a new form of exclusion is emerging in the provision of e-services due to security usability. This paper has discussed the e-services concept and its contribution to digital exclusion. It explores security, usability, and the contribution of security usability to digital exclusion of vulnerable groups hence social exclusion. Just like security, usability is a critical aspect in adoption of e-services. Security alone without usability is not sufficient to building trust among users of online services. Where there is lack trust arising from inadequate security just like where a system is not usable amongst users, many a time will lead to it&#8217;s not being used the system. Those who abandon the use get excluded. The paper is a product of an ongoing study on security usability to achieve inclusivity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2015 KIBU Authors Franklin Wabwoba VIEW ON PUBLISHER SITE Abstract In the new information society, services are delivered electronically making it cost effective, efficient and convenient for both the government and private firms making ICT a major facilitator of social economic development. However, a new form of exclusion is emerging in the provision of e-services [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-research-list"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Security and Usability Enhancing E-Service Marginalization for Digital Vulnerable Groups - School of Computing &amp; Informatics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/scai\/security-and-usability-enhancing-e-service-marginalization-for-digital-vulnerable-groups\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Security and Usability Enhancing E-Service Marginalization for Digital Vulnerable Groups - School of Computing &amp; Informatics\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"2015 KIBU Authors Franklin Wabwoba VIEW ON PUBLISHER SITE Abstract In the new information society, services are delivered electronically making it cost effective, efficient and convenient for both the government and private firms making ICT a major facilitator of social economic development. However, a new form of exclusion is emerging in the provision of e-services [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/scai\/security-and-usability-enhancing-e-service-marginalization-for-digital-vulnerable-groups\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"School of Computing &amp; Informatics\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-04-16T07:23:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-23T12:24:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"kibabii\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"kibabii\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/scai\/security-and-usability-enhancing-e-service-marginalization-for-digital-vulnerable-groups\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/scai\/security-and-usability-enhancing-e-service-marginalization-for-digital-vulnerable-groups\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"kibabii\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/scai\/#\/schema\/person\/f24ef483cba6d32518303e5d7f89741d\"},\"headline\":\"Security and Usability Enhancing E-Service Marginalization for Digital Vulnerable Groups\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-04-16T07:23:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-23T12:24:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/scai\/security-and-usability-enhancing-e-service-marginalization-for-digital-vulnerable-groups\/\"},\"wordCount\":181,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/scai\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Research List\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/scai\/security-and-usability-enhancing-e-service-marginalization-for-digital-vulnerable-groups\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/scai\/security-and-usability-enhancing-e-service-marginalization-for-digital-vulnerable-groups\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/scai\/security-and-usability-enhancing-e-service-marginalization-for-digital-vulnerable-groups\/\",\"name\":\"Security and Usability Enhancing E-Service Marginalization for Digital Vulnerable Groups - School of Computing &amp; 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