{"id":5348,"date":"2025-07-01T06:16:22","date_gmt":"2025-07-01T06:16:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fs.kibu.ac.ke\/?p=5348"},"modified":"2025-12-26T22:38:19","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T22:38:19","slug":"effects-of-rainfall-variability-on-maize-production-among-the-small-scale-farmers-in-endebess-sub-county-between-2008-2018","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fs\/effects-of-rainfall-variability-on-maize-production-among-the-small-scale-farmers-in-endebess-sub-county-between-2008-2018\/","title":{"rendered":"Effects of Rainfall Variability on Maize Production Among the Small-Scale Farmers in Endebess Sub County Between 2008-2018"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5348\" class=\"elementor elementor-5348\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3d21db74 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-stretch elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3d21db74\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"ourgoal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7b5c889\" data-id=\"7b5c889\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-154f5e11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"154f5e11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Effects of Rainfall Variability on Maize Production Among the Small-Scale Farmers in Endebess Sub County Between 2008-2018<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d529900 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"d529900\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1313916f\" data-id=\"1313916f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-8e5f658 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8e5f658\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2eb872a8 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"2eb872a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107c6fbe elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"107c6fbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2024<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-16c2a91b elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"16c2a91b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4eba7d3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4eba7d3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">KIBU Authors<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f167345 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f167345\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>George Tom Ekisa<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d16abe6 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"d16abe6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-447a5d7a elementor-tablet-align-left elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"447a5d7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-shrink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irejournals.com\/paper-details\/1705492\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">VIEW ON PUBLISHER SITE<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4424b384 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4424b384\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f292913 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"7f292913\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-564bb421 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"564bb421\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abstract<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43fee171 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43fee171\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The effects of rainfall variability on maize production among small-scale farmers in Endebess Sub County between 2008-2018 are likely to be multifaceted and can have significant implications for agricultural productivity. Here are some potential effects. Insufficient or irregular rainfall can lead to fluctuations in crop yields. Maize, being a rain-fed crop, is highly dependent on adequate and well-distributed rainfall throughout the growing season. In years of below-average rainfall, there may be reduced soil moisture, affecting germination, plant growth, and ultimately leading to lower maize yields. In periods of low rainfall, water stress and drought conditions may prevail. This can hinder the normal physiological processes of maize plants, affecting photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and overall crop development. Crop failure may lead to increased vulnerability among small-scale farmers, who often rely on their maize harvest for both sustenance and income. it is therefore imperative to understand effects of rainfall variability on maize production among the small-scale farmers in Endebess Sub County between 2008-2018. The study was based on 330 maize farmers in wards namely; Chepchoina, Matumbei and Endebess. Primary data was obtained from randomly selected farmers through questionnaires, while secondary data on rainfalls and maize production yields was collected from Kitale Meteorological Departments and Endebess Sub-County Ministry of Agriculture offices respectively between 2008-2018. The data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 and Precipitations Concentration Index (PCI) values. The finding found that there was a positive relationship between rainfall variability and maize yields. The County government should put measures and policies that are aimed at protecting the forest cover. Forests help reduce the amount of carbon gas in the atmosphere, which is the main cause of climate change that normally led to rainfall variability effects. The related problems of rainfall anomalies are food insecurity, reduction of yield and increase of pest and diseases.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2024 KIBU Authors George Tom Ekisa VIEW ON PUBLISHER SITE Abstract The effects of rainfall variability on maize production among small-scale farmers in Endebess Sub County between 2008-2018 are likely to be multifaceted and can have significant implications for agricultural productivity. Here are some potential effects. Insufficient or irregular rainfall can lead to fluctuations in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5348","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-research-list"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Effects of Rainfall Variability on Maize Production Among the Small-Scale Farmers in Endebess Sub County Between 2008-2018 - Faculty of Science<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fs\/effects-of-rainfall-variability-on-maize-production-among-the-small-scale-farmers-in-endebess-sub-county-between-2008-2018\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Effects of Rainfall Variability on Maize Production Among the Small-Scale Farmers in Endebess Sub County Between 2008-2018 - Faculty of Science\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"2024 KIBU Authors George Tom Ekisa VIEW ON PUBLISHER SITE Abstract The effects of rainfall variability on maize production among small-scale farmers in Endebess Sub County between 2008-2018 are likely to be multifaceted and can have significant implications for agricultural productivity. 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