{"id":4997,"date":"2025-06-24T12:35:22","date_gmt":"2025-06-24T12:35:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fs.kibu.ac.ke\/?p=4997"},"modified":"2025-12-26T23:32:14","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T23:32:14","slug":"utilizing-k-means-clustering-in-understanding-the-relationship-between-absorbing-aerosol-index-and-selected-uv-absorbers-over-east-africa-for-the-period-2000-to-2014","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fs\/utilizing-k-means-clustering-in-understanding-the-relationship-between-absorbing-aerosol-index-and-selected-uv-absorbers-over-east-africa-for-the-period-2000-to-2014\/","title":{"rendered":"Utilizing K-Means Clustering in Understanding the Relationship between Absorbing Aerosol Index and Selected UV Absorbers over East Africa for the Period 2000 to 2014."},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4997\" class=\"elementor elementor-4997\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-21c5ce5 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-stretch elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"21c5ce5\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"ourgoal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-443dbbcd\" data-id=\"443dbbcd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d5dcb2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d5dcb2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Utilizing K-Means Clustering in Understanding the Relationship between Absorbing Aerosol Index and Selected UV Absorbers over East Africa for the Period 2000 to 2014.<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2dc3258d elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"2dc3258d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d30c9d\" data-id=\"5d30c9d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-309c9271 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"309c9271\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-19f1067b elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"19f1067b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1accd11e elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1accd11e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2021<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ff9f29a elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"5ff9f29a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24dffcd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"24dffcd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">KIBU Authors<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-361ecd1c elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"361ecd1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>John W. Makokha<\/p><p>Michael Nakitare Waswa<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d6722be elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"d6722be\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e437ea7 elementor-tablet-align-left elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5e437ea7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-shrink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/357622737_Utilizing_K-Means_Clustering_in_Understanding_the_Relationship_between_Absorbing_Aerosol_Index_and_Selected_UV_Absorbers_over_East_Africa_for_the_Period_2000_to_2014\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">VIEW ON PUBLISHER SITE<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6cb480f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6cb480f3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e20a0a8 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"5e20a0a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75f06953 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"75f06953\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abstract<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b90e03e elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b90e03e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Determination of UV absorbing aerosols such as dust and smoke can be inferred from the absorbing aerosol index (AAI) (also called UV Aerosol Index (UVAI). AAI positive values indicate the presence of selected pollutants among them Ozone (\ud835\udc423) and Sulphur dioxide (\ud835\udc46\ud835\udc422) that were retrieved from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) for the period 2000 to 2014. Selected regions of East Africa, that are known to have been affected anthropogenically are Nairobi (1\u00b0S, 36\u00b0E), Mbita (0\u00b0S, 34\u00b0E), Mau Forest (0.0-0.6\u00baS; 35.1- 35.7\u00baE), Malindi (2\u00b0S, 40\u00b0E), Mount Kilimanjaro (3\u00b0S, 37\u00b0E) and Kampala (0\u00baN, 32.1\u00baE). The anthropogenic influence that has been promoted by massive deforestation to allow for agriculture and urbanization has positively impacted on the enhancement of pollutants in the regions atmosphere which calls for an inference of ascertaining the relationship between AAI with \ud835\udc423 and AAI with \ud835\udc46\ud835\udc422. The present study utilizes the K-means clustering technique (algorithm) to establish a pairwise relationship between AAI with \ud835\udc423 and AAI with \ud835\udc46\ud835\udc422. The pairwise relationship between AAI with \ud835\udc423 and \ud835\udc46\ud835\udc422 characteristics are mainly controlled by dominant seasons and anthropogenic activities dominating each study site.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2021 KIBU Authors John W. Makokha Michael Nakitare Waswa VIEW ON PUBLISHER SITE Abstract Determination of UV absorbing aerosols such as dust and smoke can be inferred from the absorbing aerosol index (AAI) (also called UV Aerosol Index (UVAI). AAI positive values indicate the presence of selected pollutants among them Ozone (\ud835\udc423) and Sulphur dioxide [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4997","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-research-list"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Utilizing K-Means Clustering in Understanding the Relationship between Absorbing Aerosol Index and Selected UV Absorbers over East Africa for the Period 2000 to 2014. - Faculty of Science<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fs\/utilizing-k-means-clustering-in-understanding-the-relationship-between-absorbing-aerosol-index-and-selected-uv-absorbers-over-east-africa-for-the-period-2000-to-2014\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Utilizing K-Means Clustering in Understanding the Relationship between Absorbing Aerosol Index and Selected UV Absorbers over East Africa for the Period 2000 to 2014. - Faculty of Science\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"2021 KIBU Authors John W. Makokha Michael Nakitare Waswa VIEW ON PUBLISHER SITE Abstract Determination of UV absorbing aerosols such as dust and smoke can be inferred from the absorbing aerosol index (AAI) (also called UV Aerosol Index (UVAI). AAI positive values indicate the presence of selected pollutants among them Ozone (\ud835\udc423) and Sulphur dioxide [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fs\/utilizing-k-means-clustering-in-understanding-the-relationship-between-absorbing-aerosol-index-and-selected-uv-absorbers-over-east-africa-for-the-period-2000-to-2014\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Faculty of Science\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-24T12:35:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-26T23:32:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"kibabii\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"kibabii\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fs\/utilizing-k-means-clustering-in-understanding-the-relationship-between-absorbing-aerosol-index-and-selected-uv-absorbers-over-east-africa-for-the-period-2000-to-2014\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fs\/utilizing-k-means-clustering-in-understanding-the-relationship-between-absorbing-aerosol-index-and-selected-uv-absorbers-over-east-africa-for-the-period-2000-to-2014\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"kibabii\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fs\/#\/schema\/person\/fc9b7f13eeb65cf0be520197c35b17d6\"},\"headline\":\"Utilizing K-Means Clustering in Understanding the Relationship between Absorbing Aerosol Index and Selected UV Absorbers over East Africa for the Period 2000 to 2014.\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-24T12:35:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-26T23:32:14+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fs\/utilizing-k-means-clustering-in-understanding-the-relationship-between-absorbing-aerosol-index-and-selected-uv-absorbers-over-east-africa-for-the-period-2000-to-2014\/\"},\"wordCount\":208,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fs\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Research List\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fs\/utilizing-k-means-clustering-in-understanding-the-relationship-between-absorbing-aerosol-index-and-selected-uv-absorbers-over-east-africa-for-the-period-2000-to-2014\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fs\/utilizing-k-means-clustering-in-understanding-the-relationship-between-absorbing-aerosol-index-and-selected-uv-absorbers-over-east-africa-for-the-period-2000-to-2014\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fs\/utilizing-k-means-clustering-in-understanding-the-relationship-between-absorbing-aerosol-index-and-selected-uv-absorbers-over-east-africa-for-the-period-2000-to-2014\/\",\"name\":\"Utilizing K-Means Clustering in Understanding the Relationship between Absorbing Aerosol Index and Selected UV Absorbers over East Africa for the Period 2000 to 2014. - 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Makokha Michael Nakitare Waswa VIEW ON PUBLISHER SITE Abstract Determination of UV absorbing aerosols such as dust and smoke can be inferred from the absorbing aerosol index (AAI) (also called UV Aerosol Index (UVAI). 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