{"id":4825,"date":"2025-06-24T07:32:53","date_gmt":"2025-06-24T07:32:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fs.kibu.ac.ke\/?p=4825"},"modified":"2025-12-26T23:50:20","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T23:50:20","slug":"assessment-of-radiation-dose-levels-in-tiles-used-for-decoration-in-bungoma-county-kenya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fs\/assessment-of-radiation-dose-levels-in-tiles-used-for-decoration-in-bungoma-county-kenya\/","title":{"rendered":"Assessment of Radiation Dose Levels in Tiles Used for Decoration in Bungoma County, Kenya"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4825\" class=\"elementor elementor-4825\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-253a9777 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-stretch elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"253a9777\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"ourgoal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3a647407\" data-id=\"3a647407\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fda586 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3fda586\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Assessment of Radiation Dose Levels in Tiles Used for Decoration in Bungoma County, Kenya<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-52e373dd elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"52e373dd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2eaa2cda\" data-id=\"2eaa2cda\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-165efdde elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"165efdde\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6c163908 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"6c163908\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-272a8bc7 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"272a8bc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2022<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-42e57246 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"42e57246\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9ef46a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a9ef46a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">KIBU Authors<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-665235f2 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"665235f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Michael Nakitare Waswa<\/p><p>Francis Maingi<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4efb5f55 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"4efb5f55\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72a5b936 elementor-tablet-align-left elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"72a5b936\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-shrink\" href=\"https:\/\/rsisinternational.org\/virtual-library\/papers\/assessment-of-radiation-dose-levels-in-tiles-used-for-decoration-in-bungoma-county-kenya\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">VIEW ON PUBLISHER SITE<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-3dd0deb4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3dd0deb4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2e0cae7c elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"2e0cae7c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54d934e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"54d934e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abstract<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13902ee1 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13902ee1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The natural radioactive content of tiles used in Bungoma County, Kenya was assessed using gamma ray spectroscopy in this study. The amounts of certain radioisotopes found in 20 samples of decoration tiles used in Bungoma County, Kenya were estimated using a NaI(Tl) detector. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K for the tiles were determined to be 11\u00c2\u00b10.55, 109\u00c2\u00b15.85, and 1574\u00c2\u00b178.7Bq\/kg respectively. Radiological hazard indices such as absorbed dose rate, radium equivalent activity, external Hazard Index (Hex), internal Hazard Index (Hin), Indoor and outdoor Annual Effective Dose (mSv\/y), were determined as 140\u00c2\u00b17.03 nGyh-1; 288\u00c2\u00b114.44 Bq\/kg, 0.7\u00c2\u00b10.03 mSv\/y, 0.8\u00c2\u00b10.04 mSv\/y; 0.5\u00c2\u00b10.02mSv\/y; and 0.3\u00c2\u00b10.01mSv\/yrespectively. The mean radium equivalent obtained in this investigation was lower than the worldwide reference value of 370 Bq\/kg. Hence, use of tiles for decoration in Bungoma County, Kenya has minimal health threat to the population.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2022 KIBU Authors Michael Nakitare Waswa Francis Maingi VIEW ON PUBLISHER SITE Abstract The natural radioactive content of tiles used in Bungoma County, Kenya was assessed using gamma ray spectroscopy in this study. The amounts of certain radioisotopes found in 20 samples of decoration tiles used in Bungoma County, Kenya were estimated using a NaI(Tl) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4825","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-research-list"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Assessment of Radiation Dose Levels in Tiles Used for Decoration in Bungoma County, Kenya - Faculty of Science<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fs\/assessment-of-radiation-dose-levels-in-tiles-used-for-decoration-in-bungoma-county-kenya\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Assessment of Radiation Dose Levels in Tiles Used for Decoration in Bungoma County, Kenya - Faculty of Science\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"2022 KIBU Authors Michael Nakitare Waswa Francis Maingi VIEW ON PUBLISHER SITE Abstract The natural radioactive content of tiles used in Bungoma County, Kenya was assessed using gamma ray spectroscopy in this study. 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