{"id":3446,"date":"2025-06-30T12:44:00","date_gmt":"2025-06-30T12:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fass.kibu.ac.ke\/?p=3446"},"modified":"2025-12-25T06:59:44","modified_gmt":"2025-12-25T06:59:44","slug":"trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/","title":{"rendered":"Trigger Factors Behind Recurring Conflict in Mt. Elgon Area Between 1945-2008"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3446\" class=\"elementor elementor-3446\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-140d8e6d elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-stretch elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"140d8e6d\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"ourgoal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-48b40a40\" data-id=\"48b40a40\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6166af1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6166af1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trigger Factors Behind Recurring Conflict in Mt. Elgon Area Between 1945-2008<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e846ee9 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"5e846ee9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1eb20082\" data-id=\"1eb20082\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4fdb42f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4fdb42f6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3ff26001 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"3ff26001\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50031a95 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"50031a95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2024<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ea85c60 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"1ea85c60\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d7a626b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d7a626b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">KIBU Authors<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72185b94 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72185b94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Paul Obino<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-74743b02 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"74743b02\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ff9de13 elementor-tablet-align-left elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"1ff9de13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-shrink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irejournals.com\/paper-details\/1706051\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">VIEW ON PUBLISHER SITE<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-655a2721 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"655a2721\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4476b3f elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"4476b3f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d5ecd45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d5ecd45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abstract<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c9ba2d elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23c9ba2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This study investigates the trigger factors behind the recurring conflict in Mt. Elgon area, Kenya between 1945 and 2008. Mt. Elgon area has experienced persistent inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic conflicts that have affected the social, economic and political aspects of the community. The study aims to identify and analyze the key factors that have consistently contributed to the resurgence of conflict in the area during the specified period. The research adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing a combination of in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and archival research. Purposive sampling was employed to select participants, including community elders, local leaders, and representatives from relevant government agencies and non-governmental organizations. Thematic analysis was used to examine the collected data and identify emerging patterns and themes. The findings reveal that historical land injustices, politicization of ethnicity, cattle rustling, proliferation of small arms and light weapons, poverty and marginalization, and weakened traditional conflict resolution mechanisms are the primary triggers of recurring conflict in Mt. Elgon area. The study concludes that addressing these underlying issues through inclusive land reforms, socio-economic empowerment, ethnic cohesion, and strengthening of local peace-building institutions is crucial for sustainable peace and development in the region. The research contributes to the understanding of persistent conflict drivers in Mt. Elgon and offers insights for policy and practice in conflict prevention and resolution.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2024 KIBU Authors Paul Obino VIEW ON PUBLISHER SITE Abstract This study investigates the trigger factors behind the recurring conflict in Mt. Elgon area, Kenya between 1945 and 2008. Mt. Elgon area has experienced persistent inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic conflicts that have affected the social, economic and political aspects of the community. The study aims to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3446","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-research-list"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Trigger Factors Behind Recurring Conflict in Mt. Elgon Area Between 1945-2008 - Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Trigger Factors Behind Recurring Conflict in Mt. Elgon Area Between 1945-2008 - Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"2024 KIBU Authors Paul Obino VIEW ON PUBLISHER SITE Abstract This study investigates the trigger factors behind the recurring conflict in Mt. Elgon area, Kenya between 1945 and 2008. Mt. Elgon area has experienced persistent inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic conflicts that have affected the social, economic and political aspects of the community. The study aims to [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-30T12:44:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-25T06:59:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"kibabii\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"kibabii\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"kibabii\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#\/schema\/person\/762b66d8a9aeb22a7fae044eea3f7cb6\"},\"headline\":\"Trigger Factors Behind Recurring Conflict in Mt. Elgon Area Between 1945-2008\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-30T12:44:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-25T06:59:44+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/\"},\"wordCount\":235,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Research List\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/\",\"name\":\"Trigger Factors Behind Recurring Conflict in Mt. Elgon Area Between 1945-2008 - Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-30T12:44:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-25T06:59:44+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Faculty News\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/faculty-news\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Trigger Factors Behind Recurring Conflict in Mt. Elgon Area Between 1945-2008\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/\",\"name\":\"Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/KIbabii-Logo-1024x923-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/KIbabii-Logo-1024x923-1.png\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":923,\"caption\":\"Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#\/schema\/person\/762b66d8a9aeb22a7fae044eea3f7cb6\",\"name\":\"kibabii\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d1290ba6f5d0e2707a88baa0e2f5a00b8214d0c1dce43336da834b265d51f88f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d1290ba6f5d0e2707a88baa0e2f5a00b8214d0c1dce43336da834b265d51f88f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"kibabii\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/author\/kibabii\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Trigger Factors Behind Recurring Conflict in Mt. Elgon Area Between 1945-2008 - Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Trigger Factors Behind Recurring Conflict in Mt. Elgon Area Between 1945-2008 - Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences","og_description":"2024 KIBU Authors Paul Obino VIEW ON PUBLISHER SITE Abstract This study investigates the trigger factors behind the recurring conflict in Mt. Elgon area, Kenya between 1945 and 2008. Mt. Elgon area has experienced persistent inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic conflicts that have affected the social, economic and political aspects of the community. The study aims to [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/","og_site_name":"Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences","article_published_time":"2025-06-30T12:44:00+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-12-25T06:59:44+00:00","author":"kibabii","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"kibabii","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/"},"author":{"name":"kibabii","@id":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#\/schema\/person\/762b66d8a9aeb22a7fae044eea3f7cb6"},"headline":"Trigger Factors Behind Recurring Conflict in Mt. Elgon Area Between 1945-2008","datePublished":"2025-06-30T12:44:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-25T06:59:44+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/"},"wordCount":235,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Research List"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/","url":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/","name":"Trigger Factors Behind Recurring Conflict in Mt. Elgon Area Between 1945-2008 - Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-06-30T12:44:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-12-25T06:59:44+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/trigger-factors-behind-recurring-conflict-in-mt-elgon-area-between-1945-2008\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Faculty News","item":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/faculty-news\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Trigger Factors Behind Recurring Conflict in Mt. Elgon Area Between 1945-2008"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#website","url":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/","name":"Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#organization","name":"Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences","url":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/KIbabii-Logo-1024x923-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/KIbabii-Logo-1024x923-1.png","width":1024,"height":923,"caption":"Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#\/schema\/person\/762b66d8a9aeb22a7fae044eea3f7cb6","name":"kibabii","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d1290ba6f5d0e2707a88baa0e2f5a00b8214d0c1dce43336da834b265d51f88f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d1290ba6f5d0e2707a88baa0e2f5a00b8214d0c1dce43336da834b265d51f88f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"kibabii"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass"],"url":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/author\/kibabii\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3446","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3446"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3446\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4534,"href":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3446\/revisions\/4534"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3446"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3446"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3446"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}