{"id":3373,"date":"2025-06-30T08:08:32","date_gmt":"2025-06-30T08:08:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fass.kibu.ac.ke\/?p=3373"},"modified":"2025-12-25T07:09:16","modified_gmt":"2025-12-25T07:09:16","slug":"historical-development-of-secularism-in-the-friends-church-in-kenya-a-post-colonial-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/historical-development-of-secularism-in-the-friends-church-in-kenya-a-post-colonial-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Historical Development of Secularism in the Friends Church in Kenya: A Post-Colonial Analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3373\" class=\"elementor elementor-3373\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-53d01d78 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-stretch elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"53d01d78\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"ourgoal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-26b8561\" data-id=\"26b8561\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d63c17b elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d63c17b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historical Development of Secularism in the Friends Church in Kenya: A Post-Colonial Analysis<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-74c67086 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"74c67086\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-df6f596\" data-id=\"df6f596\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4d39cfa7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4d39cfa7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7440393f elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"7440393f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30abe335 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"30abe335\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2025<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-23b2e106 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"23b2e106\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cd34dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cd34dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">KIBU Authors<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c1c336e elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c1c336e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Margaret Matisi<\/p><p>Rispah Wepukhulu<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-22d80a74 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"22d80a74\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e5566f9 elementor-tablet-align-left elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2e5566f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm elementor-animation-shrink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.irejournals.com\/paper-details\/1709428\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">VIEW ON PUBLISHER SITE<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-158bcf63 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"158bcf63\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1caeb884 elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"1caeb884\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;animation_mobile&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-531e3197 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"531e3197\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abstract<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e9a1856 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e9a1856\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This study examined the historical development of secularism in the Friends Church in Kenya, focusing on pre-colonial to post-colonial transformation. Using qualitative research with Focus Group Discussions involving 54 participants across Trans Nzoia County, findings reveal that secularism has gradually infiltrated the Friends Church through modernization, globalization, and ideological exposure. Key manifestations include increased tolerance of secular ideas, worship style shifts, and movement from communal to individualistic practices. Colonial influence, modern education, social media, and economic pressures emerged as primary drivers. The church faces declining attendance, moral drift, and reduced social authority. While responding through strengthened teachings and youth engagement, effectiveness varies across congregations. Secularism represents both challenge and opportunity for theological renewal in post-colonial African Christianity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2025 KIBU Authors Margaret Matisi Rispah Wepukhulu VIEW ON PUBLISHER SITE Abstract This study examined the historical development of secularism in the Friends Church in Kenya, focusing on pre-colonial to post-colonial transformation. Using qualitative research with Focus Group Discussions involving 54 participants across Trans Nzoia County, findings reveal that secularism has gradually infiltrated the Friends [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-research-list"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Historical Development of Secularism in the Friends Church in Kenya: A Post-Colonial Analysis - Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/historical-development-of-secularism-in-the-friends-church-in-kenya-a-post-colonial-analysis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Historical Development of Secularism in the Friends Church in Kenya: A Post-Colonial Analysis - Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"2025 KIBU Authors Margaret Matisi Rispah Wepukhulu VIEW ON PUBLISHER SITE Abstract This study examined the historical development of secularism in the Friends Church in Kenya, focusing on pre-colonial to post-colonial transformation. Using qualitative research with Focus Group Discussions involving 54 participants across Trans Nzoia County, findings reveal that secularism has gradually infiltrated the Friends [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/historical-development-of-secularism-in-the-friends-church-in-kenya-a-post-colonial-analysis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-30T08:08:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-25T07:09:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"kibabii\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"kibabii\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/historical-development-of-secularism-in-the-friends-church-in-kenya-a-post-colonial-analysis\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/historical-development-of-secularism-in-the-friends-church-in-kenya-a-post-colonial-analysis\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"kibabii\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#\/schema\/person\/762b66d8a9aeb22a7fae044eea3f7cb6\"},\"headline\":\"Historical Development of Secularism in the Friends Church in Kenya: A Post-Colonial Analysis\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-30T08:08:32+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-12-25T07:09:16+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/historical-development-of-secularism-in-the-friends-church-in-kenya-a-post-colonial-analysis\/\"},\"wordCount\":140,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Research List\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/historical-development-of-secularism-in-the-friends-church-in-kenya-a-post-colonial-analysis\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/historical-development-of-secularism-in-the-friends-church-in-kenya-a-post-colonial-analysis\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/kibu.ac.ke\/fass\/historical-development-of-secularism-in-the-friends-church-in-kenya-a-post-colonial-analysis\/\",\"name\":\"Historical Development of Secularism in the Friends Church in Kenya: A Post-Colonial Analysis - 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